Tooth sensitivity is a common dental issue that affects many people. Most of us have experienced that sudden, sharp pain or tingling sensation when consuming hot or cold drinks, sweets, or even when inhaling cold air.

Tooth sensitivity occurs when the inner layer of the tooth (dentin), which contains nerve endings, becomes exposed due to various reasons. This makes the nerves more vulnerable to external stimuli, causing that intense pain.

Causes of Tooth Sensitivity:

1. Enamel Erosion:

Enamel serves as a protective layer for the teeth. Over time, it can wear down due to aggressive brushing, using a hard-bristled toothbrush, or excessive consumption of acidic foods and drinks. Enamel erosion is one of the main causes of tooth sensitivity.

2. Gum Recession:

This occurs with age or as a result of gum disease. Receding gums expose more of the tooth, particularly the dentin, making teeth more sensitive to external stimuli.

3. Tooth Decay

Deep cavities can weaken teeth, leading to enamel erosion and exposed dentin, which results in sensitivity due to irritation of the inner layers.

4. Certain Cosmetic & Dental Procedures:

Teeth whitening or fillings may cause temporary or, in some cases, permanent sensitivity.

5. Teeth Grinding (Bruxism):

Clenching or grinding teeth during sleep wears down enamel and increases sensitivity.

6. Cracked or Damaged Fillings:

Damaged or broken fillings can allow external stimuli to reach the dentin.

Triggers That Cause Pain for People with Tooth Sensitivity:

• Hot and cold foods/drinks.
• Acidic or sugary foods/drinks.
• Brushing or flossing teeth.
• Inhaling cold air through the mouth.

Pain can last for a short or extended period, depending on the severity of the sensitivity.

Treatment for Tooth Sensitivity:

• Using desensitizing toothpaste:
  It contain compounds like potassium nitrate or stannous fluoride to block nerve endings and reduce pain.
• Fluoride treatment: Strengthens and rebuilds enamel, applied in a dental clinic.
• Sealing Exposed Roots or Coating Teeth: Helps protect sensitive areas.
• Wearing a Mouthguard While Sleeping if grinding is the cause.
• Treating underlying dental issues like cavities or gum recession.
• Root canal treatment in severe cases where nerves are significantly damaged.

Preventing Tooth Sensitivity:

• Maintain oral hygiene by brushing twice daily with a soft-bristled toothbrush.
• Floss gently to avoid gum irritation.
• Reduce acidic drinks consumption or rinse with water afterward.
• Visit the dentist regularly for check-ups and early detection of dental problems.

Tooth sensitivity is an annoying but manageable issue. With proper care and dental visits, you can control it effectively by identifying and treating the root cause.